About the asymmetry structure of the leaf blade Common plantain

Using the method of geometric morphometrics contour image leaf blade Common plantain ( Plantago major ) was aligned along axis symmetry to answer question whether asymmetry and shape were influenced by environmental pollution vehicles climatic conditions. Procrustes distances showed that fluctuating higher in roadside populations 2019. In control populations, a mixture two types asymmetry, directional, obtained. 2020 with high precipitation (47% more than 2019), represented directional p <0.0001), although overall remained same. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test influence on only environments year <0.001). geographical location combined effect factors place leaves gathering did not affect blade. 2020, no data obtained excess compared control, therefore authors conclude about weak bioindicative properties response traffic pollution.